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Circuits transmit alternating or direct current through closed-loop interconnections between electrical components.Different arrangements and configurations of these components constitute different kinds of circuits, RLC circuits being one of them.
What are their main features and applications?What is the role of RLC in electronics?What is the difference between an RLC series circuit and a parallel circuit?All these questions have answers.
RLC stands for Resistor (R), Inductor (L) and Capacitor (C).These are the main components of the RLC circuit, connected to form a complete loop.
Resistors are made of resistive elements, such as carbon, whose function is to create a higher resistance level than the natural resistance that affects the circuit.It also reduces damping and resonant frequency (fr) in the circuit.
According to Faraday’s Law, an inductor stores energy in the magnetic field created by the current flowing through the conductor.
Capacitors store energy in an electric field through two or more conductors, most commonly separated by a dielectric.This measure of “storability” is called capacitance.
In a parallel RLC circuit, resistors, inductors, and capacitors are connected in parallel and share a connection to the same voltage source.This is not the same as connecting in series.
In an AC RLC parallel circuit, the current is split, all elements receive the same voltage, and the current is split among each element according to its impedance.Current does not flow in a parallel RLC circuit using a DC power supply with the same efficiency because the inductor acts as a short circuit and the capacitor acts as an open circuit.
To calculate the total current, total voltage, and total resistance of an RLC circuit, we can use Ohm’s law, where the current (I) measured in amps is equal to the voltage (V) measured in volts times the resistance (R) in ohms (Ω) is measured in units:
If this formula is applied to the capacitors of the circuit, R is replaced by Xc, where Xc is the capacitive reactance.When applied to inductors, R is replaced by Xl, where Xl is the inductive reactance.
Electrical impedance is a measure of resistance to current flow in a circuit.Despite their similarities, impedance is not the same as resistance because the concept actually includes both resistance and reactance created in an AC circuit (there is no reactance in the steady current of a DC circuit).
At resonance, the capacitive and inductive reactances will be equal to each other.Inductors and capacitors will also conduct more current at the resonant frequency.
The equation for a parallel RLC circuit creates a complex impedance for each parallel branch because each element becomes the inverse of the impedance (1/Z).The inverse of impedance is called admittance (Y).The reciprocal of the total impedance (ZRLC) is the sum of the reciprocal impedances of each component:
1/ZRLC = 1/ZR + 1/ZL + 1/ZC.In other words, the total admittance of a circuit is the sum of the admittances of each component.
Otherwise, the formula for impedance is Z=V/I, where Z is the impedance, V is the voltage, and I is the current in the circuit.
The inverse of the total impedance is the sum of the inverse impedances of each component.In other words, the total admittance of a circuit (a measure of how easily a circuit or device allows current to flow) is the sum of the admittances of each component.
RLC circuits are often used as oscillator circuits because they generate sine, square or triangle waves.These are oscillating electronic signals that can convert DC to AC or act as low-pass, high-pass, band-stop, and band-pass filters.
As a bandpass filter, it’s used for tuning, such as in TV sets and analog radio receivers, and it basically lets you find a specific frequency range after collecting all reachable ambient radio waves through an antenna.Bandpass filters are also used in audio equalization, audio design, and studio recording.
As an oscillator circuit, it must have low damping values ​​to work effectively.In other words, it must have a high quality factor (Q).The figure of merit of a parallel RLC circuit is the inverse of the figure of merit of a series circuit.
Reactance is the effect of inductance or capacitance due to that component, which opposes current flow.
Just like what happens with resistance, the more reactance a circuit has, the more limited the current it can produce.But unlike resistance, reactance changes phase and doesn’t dissipate electrical energy; instead, it stores it.
The inverse of reactance is susceptance, which measures how easily a reactance (or set of reactances) will allow AC current to flow when a voltage of a given frequency is applied.
Not only are there two different types of RLC circuits, but they also behave in completely opposite ways:


Post time: May-16-2022